Madaba: Capital of Mosaic and Depth of Authentic History

Madaba: Historical and Geographical Overview

Ancient History

The Old City of Madaba is characterized by its ancient heritage style that combines Islamic architecture with Byzantine influences. The narrow stone-paved streets and traditional stone houses tell the story of a city that has lived through the ages. The Old City contains many ancient churches and historical buildings dating back to the 19th century.

• Name and Origins: The name Madaba is derived from the Aramaic Syriac word "Miya Dabya" which means "fruit water," reflecting the fertility of its lands and abundance of springs.
• Successive Civilizations: Madaba witnessed significant prosperity during the Byzantine era, becoming an important center for arts, especially mosaic art.
• Strategic Location: Located 35 km south of Amman, enjoying a central position between the capital and the Dead Sea.
• Area and Population: The governorate area is 940 km² with a population of approximately 224,000 people.
• Administrative Structure: The governorate consists of two main districts: Madaba Qasaba District and Dhiban District.

Cities, Towns, and Villages

• Madaba City: The administrative center of the governorate, famous for its unique mosaic heritage.
• Dhiban: The ancient capital of the Moabites, containing many historical monuments.
• Ma'in: A natural health resort famous for its waterfalls and hot springs.
• Umm ar-Rasas: An archaeological site registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
• Other Villages and Towns: Al-Ma'muniyya, Al-Fayha', Al-Waha, Al-Hilaliyya, Huwayyat al-Balawina, Al-Jubayl, Al-Khattabiyya, Al-Khalidiyya, Jarina, Gharnata, Al-Arish, Al-Wasiyya, Abu Rudaina, and others.

Archaeological and Religious Sites

Main Religious Sites

• Mount Nebo: One of the most important religious sites in the world, where Prophet Moses is believed to have seen the Promised Land. The site includes a Byzantine church and magnificent mosaics.
  Mount Nebo is one of the most important religious sites in Jordan and the world, where Prophet Moses is believed to have stood on its summit and seen the Promised Land that he never reached. The mountain is located at an altitude of 817 meters above sea level and offers a magnificent panoramic view of the Dead Sea and Palestinian territories. The site contains remains of a Byzantine church dating back to the fourth century AD and excellently preserved mosaics.
  
• Church of the Map: Contains the famous Madaba Mosaic Map, considered the oldest original map of the Holy Land.
• Church of the Apostles: Features magnificent mosaics representing the sea and an embodiment of Thalassa, the sea goddess.
• Church of Prophet Elias: Dates back to 607 AD and contains beautiful mosaics.
• King Hussein Bin Talal Mosque: One of the prominent Islamic landmarks in the governorate.

Archaeological and Historical Sites

Umm ar-Rasas is an important archaeological site that was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2004. The site was a Roman military camp that later grew into a city that flourished from the 5th to the 8th century AD. The site contains remains from the Roman, Byzantine, and early Islamic periods, including 16 churches with exceptionally preserved mosaic floors, desert towers, and ruins of a fortified city.

• Umm ar-Rasas: An archaeological site registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List, containing ruins dating back to Byzantine and early Islamic periods.
• Sayyagha Archaeological Site: One of the important archaeological sites dating back to ancient times.
• Madaba Palace: From the Umayyad period and considered evidence of early Islamic presence in the region.
• Archaeological Museum: Houses a valuable collection of artifacts and mosaics discovered in the region.

Natural Resorts and Springs

Ma'in Therapeutic Resort

Ma'in Hot Springs are one of the natural wonders of Jordan, where hot water flows from more than 63 hot springs through rocks to form natural waterfalls with excellent therapeutic properties. The water temperature ranges between 45 and 60 degrees Celsius and contains natural minerals beneficial for treating many skin and muscular diseases. The resort includes luxury hotels, natural therapy centers, and natural pools.

• Ma'in Hot Springs: A natural resort containing hot springs and therapeutic waterfalls with temperatures ranging between 45-60 degrees Celsius.
• Therapeutic Properties: The spring waters contain natural minerals beneficial for treating skin diseases, rheumatism, and bone pain.
• Tourist Facilities: The resort includes luxury hotels, natural therapy centers, and natural pools.
• Ma'in Baths: A collection of natural baths used by visitors for relaxation and treatment.

Other Natural Areas

• Wadi Mujib: One of the deepest valleys in the region, offering excellent opportunities for hiking and adventure enthusiasts.
• Dead Sea: Parts of the Dead Sea shores fall within the boundaries of Madaba Governorate, providing an opportunity to enjoy its unique therapeutic properties.
• Dhiban Area: Characterized by its picturesque natural landscapes and hills full of history.

Cultural and Heritage Tourism

Mosaic Workshops in Madaba represent the continuation of an ancient artistic tradition dating back to the Byzantine era. Craftsmen use traditional techniques to cut and assemble small colored stones to form magnificent artistic panels. These workshops are spread throughout the city and work to train a new generation of artists and craftsmen, while also producing artistic pieces sold as souvenirs to visitors. Products include mosaic panels, jewelry, and decorative items bearing the authentic Madaba character.

Arts and Crafts Centers

• Madaba Mosaic Center: Offers live demonstrations of mosaic making using traditional techniques.
• Art Galleries: Display artistic works inspired by Madaba heritage.
• Handicrafts: Include mosaic making, traditional carpets, and woodwork.
• Cultural Festivals: Held annually to showcase the cultural heritage of the region.

Traditional Restaurants and Cafes

• Traditional Cuisine Restaurants: Serve authentic Jordanian dishes like Mansaf and Maqluba.
• Heritage Cafes: Provide traditional atmosphere for tasting Arabic coffee and mint tea.
• View Restaurants: Overlook archaeological sites and picturesque natural landscapes.

Information for Visitors and Tourists

Best Times to Visit

Spring and Autumn are the best seasons to visit Madaba, where temperatures are moderate and suitable for moving between archaeological sites and enjoying outdoor activities. In spring (March to May), the area is covered with greenery and wild flowers, while autumn (September to November) is characterized by pleasant weather and stunning natural colors. Madaba can be visited in summer but with consideration that temperatures may rise, especially during noon hours. Winter is cold and the area may witness some rain.

• Spring and Autumn: (March-May and September-November) are the best for visiting Madaba.
• Temperatures: Range between 15-25 degrees Celsius in these seasons.
• Summer: (June-August) hot and dry, suitable for visiting water resorts.
• Winter: (December-February) cold and the area may witness some rain.

Visit Tips

• Appropriate Clothing: Wear comfortable clothes suitable for the weather with comfortable walking shoes.
• Sufficient Time: Allocate two to three days to explore the main landmarks.
• Tour Guide: Use a tourist guide to maximize the benefit of the visit.
• Languages: Most residents speak Arabic, with English spoken in tourist areas.
• Currency: Jordanian Dinar is the official currency.

Transportation Means

• From Amman: The journey by car takes about 30-45 minutes.
• Buses: Regular buses are available from Abdali Station in Amman.
• Taxi: Taxis can be hired to move between landmarks.
• Rental Cars: Available at airports and major hotels.

Events and Festivals

Madaba Mosaic Festival is an annual cultural event usually held in spring, bringing together mosaic artists from around the world to display their works and revive traditional techniques. The festival includes educational workshops, live mosaic-making demonstrations, art exhibitions, and artistic and heritage shows. The festival represents a unique opportunity for visitors to learn about this ancient art and interact with local craftsmen.

Main Festivals

• Madaba Mosaic Festival: Held annually in spring, gathering mosaic artists from around the world.
• Olive Festival: Held in autumn to celebrate the olive harvest season.
• Religious Occasions: The city witnesses large attendance during holidays and religious occasions.
• Cultural Events: Held throughout the year in cultural centers and museums.