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Republic of South Africa
Official name: Republic of South Africa
Also known as: Republiek van Suid-Afrika (Afrikaans), iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika (Zulu), iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika (Xhosa), Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa (Pedi), Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa (Southern Sotho), Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa (Tswana), Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga (Tsonga), iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika (Swati), Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe (Venda), iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika (Southern Ndebele)
Total Area: 1,221,037 km² (471,445 mi²) (25th)
Approximate population: 64,007,187 (24th) - (2024 est.)
Location: Southern Africa
Languages: 12 languages - English, Afrikaans, Southern Ndbele, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu
Religions: Christianity 85.3%, traditional faiths 7.8%, no religion 3.1%, Islam 1.6%, Hinduism 1.1%, other 1.1% - (2022 est.)
Ethnic groups: Black 81.4%, Coloured 8.2%, White 7.3%, Indian or Asian 2.7%, other 0.4% - (2022 est.)
Currency: South African rand (ZAR)
Calling code: (+27)
Organizations: United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, Southern African Development CommunityBorder countries (6): Botswana 1,969 km, Lesotho 1,106 km, Mozambique 496 km, Namibia 1,005 km, Eswatini 438 km, Zimbabwe 230 km.
Coastline: 2,798 km (1,739 mi)
Maritime boundaries: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean
South Africa — is located at the southern tip of Africa. It is bordered by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Eswatini and Lesotho (which is completely surrounded by South Africa). It is a vast country with widely varying landscapes and has 11 official languages, as well as an equally diverse population. South Africa is one of the world's largest producers of gold. South Africa has the strongest economy in Africa, and is a historically influential player in African politics (though this has declined in recent years). In 2010, South Africa hosted the first Football World Cup to be held on the African continent.
Administrative divisions of South Africa:
Regions
South Africa is divided into 9 provinces, they are:
- Gauteng
Pretoria the administrative capital of the country. Johannesburg is the seat the provincial government, also the economic heart of Africa and the most common entry point into Southern Africa.
- Western Cape
Cape Town, the mother city, the legislative capital and seat of Parliament, with famous landmarks as Table Mountain and the Cape of Good Hope. The winelands near Stellenbosch, the Whale Coast along the Overberg, Agulhas where the Atlantic and Indian Ocean meet and the Cape Floral Region. The Garden Route, one of the top destinations, running along the Southern Coast from Mossel Bay to Gqeberha, with cities like Knysna and ostrich capital Oudtshoorn.
- Eastern Cape
The Eastern Cape is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho, and its largest city is Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth). Due to its climate and nineteenth-century towns, it is a common location for tourists. It is also known for having been home to many anti-apartheid activists, including Nelson Mandela.
- Northern Cape
Capital Kimberley, famous for its diamonds and the "Big Hole". Biggest province with fewest people, Upington is the second big city, a good base when exploring the Kalahari desert, Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and the Augrabies Falls on the Orange River. Also Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park and the semi-desert Karoo.
The Namaqualand region in the west is famous for its Namaqualand daisies. The southern towns of De Aar and Colesberg found within the Great Karoo are major transport nodes between Johannesburg, Cape Town and Gqeberha.
- Free State
Capital Bloemfontein which also hosts the Supreme Court of Appeal, the highest court in non-constitutional matters (the Constitutional Court is in Johannesburg since 1994). Formerly known as the Orange Free State, is a province of South Africa. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province. The world heritage site Vredefort Dome, remnants of the largest and oldest meteorite impact crater.
- KwaZulu-Natal
Durban, the largest city in the province and third largest in South Africa and popular coastal holiday destination for South Africans. The Drakensberg mountain range, if you like hiking and also the Tugela Falls, the world's second highest waterfall.
- North West
The North West Province, provides a link between South Africa and Botswana. The province is the largest platinum production area in the world, and its Stelland area is the "Texas of South Africa" with some of the biggest cattle herds in the world.
- Mpumalanga
Is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name means "East", or literally "The Place Where the Sun Rises" in the Nguni languages. Mpumalanga lies in eastern South Africa, bordering Eswatini and Mozambique. It shares borders with the South African provinces of Limpopo to the north, Gauteng to the west, the Free State to the southwest, and KwaZulu-Natal to the south.
Capital Nelspruit, gateway to Mozambique and southern section of the Kruger National Park. The Drakensberg Escarpment with the Blyde River Canyon is the largest Canyon in Africa.
- Limpopo
Limpopo is the northernmost province of South Africa. It is named after the Limpopo River, which forms the province's western and northern borders. The term Limpopo is derived from Rivombo (Livombo/Lebombo), a group of Tsonga settlers led by Hosi Rivombo who settled in the mountainous vicinity and named the area after their leader. The Lebombo mountains are also named after them. The river has been called the Vhembe by local Venda communities of the area. The capital and largest city in the province is Polokwane (formally known as Pietersburg) a good starting point for visits to the northern parts of the Kruger National Park and Zimbabwe.
Territories
- Prince Edward Islands. more commonly known as Marion Island (the largest of the two) - two small islands in the sub-Antarctic Indian Ocean. Access is restricted to research and conservation management.
Cities, towns, and villages
- Pretoria — the administrative capital of South Africa, is in Gauteng. Its wide avenues are lined with purple-flowered jacaranda trees and stately architecture. The city has many museums and art galleries, and a large student population that gives its centre a boisterous atmosphere.
- Bloemfontein – Location of the Supreme Court of Appeal, the highest court in non-constitutional matters. The Constitutional Court in Johannesburg became the highest court in constitutional matters in 1994.
Bloemfontein (Fountain of flowers) is popularly and poetically known as "the city of roses", for its abundance of these flowers and the annual rose festival held there. The city hosts numerous museums, including the National Women's Monument, the Anglo-Boer War Museum, the National Museum, and the Oliewenhuis Art Museum.
- Cape Town — the legislative capital and seat of Parliament. A world-class city named for its proximity to the Cape of Good Hope. Also within a stone's throw of South Africa's winelands. One of the most beautiful cities in the world, nestled between the sea and Table Mountain, it is a popular summer destination by domestic tourists and those from abroad. The heart of the Cape Coloured and Cape Malay communities.
- Durban — is a city on the east coast of South Africa in the province of KwaZulu-Natal and in the municipality of eThekwini. Largest city in KwaZulu-Natal, it is the third largest city in South Africa and the busiest port in Africa, the heart of South Africa's Indian community, and is a popular coastal holiday destination for South Africans. As of 2011, the population of the eThekwini municipality was around 3.4 million. In 2020, it was named the greenest city in the world by Husqvarna Urban Green Space Index because of its many parks.
- Newcastle — 3rd largest city in KwaZulu-Natal, one of the large regional cities in South Africa and Capital of Northern KZN. Newcastle is also known as the "New City". Set at the foothills of the northern KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg Mountains, Newcastle is located in the northwest corner of the province along the Ncandu River and is one of the country's main industrial centres. Famous for Steel Production, Coal Mining, Heavy Industry and is South Africa's Textile Industry Capital. The city is the gateway to the Zulu Kingdom from the Free State and Mpumalanga.
- Johannesburg — The economic heart of Africa and the most common entry point into Southern Africa.
- Kimberley — Capital of the Northern Cape Province. Famous for its diamonds and "Big Hole".
- Polokwane — Capital of Limpopo (formerly known as Pietersburg) and a good jump off point for visits to the northern parts of the Kruger National Park and Zimbabwe.
- Gqeberha/Port Elizabeth — coastal city in the Eastern Cape with Port of Ngqura (a deepwater harbour) and Addo Elephant National Park located close by.
- Upington — Located in the arid Northern Cape province, this city is a good base when exploring the Kalahari desert and the many national parks located in the Northern Cape.
Natural resources: gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas.