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Libya
Official name: State of Libya
Also known as: Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Lībiyyah
Capital: TripoliTotal Area: 1,759,541 km² (679,363 mi²)
Approximate population: 7,361,263
Location: Northern Africa
Languages: Arabic, Berber
Religions: Sunni Muslim
Currency: Libyan Dinar (LYD)
Organizations: United Nations, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
Maritime boundaries: Mediterranean Sea
Border countries (6): Algeria 989 km (615 mi), Chad 1,050 km (652 mi), Egypt 1,115 km (693 mi), Niger 342 km (213 mi), Sudan 382 km (237 mi), Tunisia 461 km (286 mi).
Coastline: 1,770 km
Libya is divided as of 2007 into (22) districts (sing. Shaabiya):
- Tripoli (Arabic: طرابلس عروس البحر, Aros Al baher Ṭarābulus) — is the capital, largest city of Libya . It is also the principal harbour and biggest commercial and manufacturing centre of the North African country. Tripoli is located in the north-west of Libya and is situated on the Mediterranean Sea.
Tripoli was founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians, who named their settlement Oea—due to the city's long history, there are multiple sites of archaeological significance in the city and in its surroundings, not least from the period under the Roman Empire. Tripoli was also part of the Ottoman Empire for several years.
- Misurata (Məṣrāta / مصراتة) — is a sha'biyah (district) in northwestern Libya. Its capital is the city of Misrata. In 2007 the district was enlarged to include what had been the Bani Walid District and the northernmost strip of coast of the Gulf of Sidra, that from 2001 to 2007 had been part of Sirte District. In the north and east, Misrata has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea.
- Sirte (سرت) — It is located on the Mediterranean coast, and is one of the small cities and governorates.
Towns and villages: Abu Qurayn, Bin Jawad, Harawa, Nofaliya, Qasr Abu Hadi, Ra's Lanuf, Sidra, 'Uwayja, Buerat.
- Al-Butnan (البطنان) — It is located northeast of the country, and its population is approximately 157,747 people, and its area is approximately 83,860 km².
Towns and villages: Jaghbub, Bardia, Gazala, Musaid, Acroma, Al Adm, Bi'r al Ashhab, Zawiyat Janzur, Kambut, Gasr el Jadi.
- Benghazi (بنغازي) — Located in the northeast of Libya, it is the administrative headquarters of the state, and its population is approximately 650,000 people.
- Jabal al Akhdar or The Green Mountain (Arabic: الجبل الأخضر) — is one of the districts of Libya. It lies in the northeast of the country. The capital is Bayda. In its territory, close to the city of Shahhat, can be found the remains of the ancient Greek colony of Cyrene, and the neighbouring city of Apollonia, a major port in the Mediterranean Sea in antiquity. On land, it borders Derna in the east, Al Wahat in the south and Marj in the west.
Towns and villages: Al Gihad, Al Hamamah, Al Khadra, Al Khuimat, Ahqaf al Jabbarat, Ahqaf al Ruzat, Aqfanta, Bil Hadid, Jardas Jerrari, Faydiya, Haniya, Safsaf, Taban, Mansura, Marawa, Massa, Qandula, Qaryat ‘Umar al Mukhtar, Qirnada, Shahhat, Slonta, Susa, Zawiyat al ‘Urqub, Qasr Libya, Sayyid Abdulwaḥd, Wardama
- Jabal al Gharbi (Arabic: الجبل الغربي, English: The Western Mountain) — is one of the districts of Libya. It is named after the Nafusa Mountains. It was formed in 2007 from the former districts of Yafran, Gharyan and Mizda. From 1995 to 1998 Jabal al Gharbi also existed as a Baladiyah or municipality.Jabal al Gharbi borders Sirte and Misrata to the east, Murqub to the northeast, Tripoli, Jafara and Zawiya to the north, Nuqat al Khams to the northwest, Nalut to the west, Wadi al Shatii to the south and Jufra to the southeast.
Towns and villages: Al-ʽUrban, Alshgega, Jadu, Al-Qawalish, Mizda, Kikla, Tabaqa, Yafran, Zintan.
- Al Jufra (الجفرة) — is one of the districts of Libya. It is in the centre of the country. Its capital is Hun. Jufra borders Sirte in the north, Al Wahat in northeast, Kufra in east, Murzuq in south, Sabha in southwest, Wadi al Shatii in west and Jabal al Gharbi in northwest.
Towns and villages: Fuqaha, Sokna, Waddan, Zella.
- Zawiya (الزاوية / Al-Zāwiyah) — town, situated on the Mediterranean coast about 30 mi (50 km) west of Tripoli, northwestern Libya. Lying on Al-Jifārah plain, it is near the site of an important oil field and has the country’s first oil refinery. Agriculture is prominent in the area because of the ample groundwater resources. The main crops are potatoes, onions, and tomatoes; livestock are also raised. The coastal highway passes through the town.
Towns and villages: Sorman, Sabratha, Bir al-Ghanam, Joudaim.
- Jafara or Al Jfara (الجفارة) — is one of the districts of Libya, in the historical region of Tripolitania. Its capital and largest city is 'Aziziya. Jafara borders Tripoli in northeast, Jabal al Gharbi in south and Zawiya in the west.
- Derna (درنة) — is one of the districts of Libya. It is in the northeast of the country, in the historical region of Cyrenaica. Its capital is Derna. In 2007 the district was enlarged to include what had been the Al Qubah District. In the north, Derna has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it borders Butnan in the east, Jabal al Akhdar in the west and Al Wahat to the south.
Towns and villages: Al Qubbah, La Braq, Qayqab, Bomba, El Ezzeiat, Firsilla, Mechili, Lamluda, Martuba, Ras al Helal, Timimi, Umm al Rizam, Al-Athrun.
- Sabha (سبها) — Located in the middle of the country, it has the international airport, and the Great Desert begins from it.
Towns and villages: Ghadduwah, Hagiara, Jadid, Al Mahdia, Al Nssiria, Samnu, Sukrah, Tamanhant, Al Tanawia, Umm al `Abid, Umm al Ahrar, Az Zighan.
- Ghat (غات) — is one of the districts of Libya. Its capital is Ghat. Located in the southern part of the country, it has the oldest archaeological landmarks.
- Kufra (الكفرة) — is the largest district of Libya and the second largest such district in Africa. It is slightly smaller than the country of Turkmenistan. Its capital is Al Jawf, one of the oases in Kufra basin. There is a very large oil refinery near the capital.
- Al-Marj (المرج) — is a district (shabiyah) of northeastern Libya on the Mediterranean Sea coast. Its administrative seat is the city of Marj, which is generally believed to be the site of the ancient and medieval city of Barca. Marj is situated on the Cyrenaica Plateau at the western edge of the Jebel Akhdar. In the 2007 administrative reorganization, part of the territory formerly in Al Hizam al Akhdar District was transferred to Marj. In the north, Marj has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it borders Jabal al Akhdar in the east, Al Wahat in south and Benghazi in the west.
Towns and villages: Abyar, Charruba, El Uweilia, Farzougha, Tocra, Tacnis, Tolmeita, Jardas al ‘Abid, El Bayyada, Ar Rajma, Battah.
- Al-Marqab (Murqub / المرقب) — is one of the districts of Libya. The main city and capital is Khoms. The widely visited UNESCO World Heritage Site of Leptis Magna is also located in the district. In the north, Murqub has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it borders Misrata to the east and south, Tripoli to the northwest and Jabal al Gharbi to the west.
- Al-Murzuq (مرزق) — is one of the districts of Libya. The main city and capital is Khoms. The widely visited UNESCO World Heritage Site of Leptis Magna is also located in the district. In the north, Murqub has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it borders Misrata to the east and south, Tripoli to the northwest and Jabal al Gharbi to the west.
Towns and villages: Zawila, Al Wigh, Funqul, Qatrun, Qawat, Tajarhi, Tmassa, Traghan, Zizau.
- Nalut (نالوت) — is one of the districts of Libya located in the country's north-west. Its capital is the city of Nalut. The second most notable city is Ghadames. To the north and west, Nalut district borders Tunisia (Medenine and Tataouine Governatorates) and Algeria. Domestically, it borders Nuqat al Khams - northeast, Jabal al Gharbi in the east, and Wadi al Shatii in the south. In 2007, Nalut District was enlarged to include the Ghadames District, while the eastern part of the former Nalut was moved to Jabal al Gharbi.
Towns and villages: Badr, Ghadames, Kabaw, Wazzin, 'Ayn al Ghazaya.
- The Five Points (النقاط الخمس) — It was named after a speech by former President Muammar Gaddafi, who identified five points to run the country from 1973 to 2011.
- Al Wahat (Arabic: الواحات, English: The Oases) — It is located in the eastern south of Libya, and is the result of merging the Ajdabiya Governorate and the oases with each other during the year 2003. The governorate has a desert nature, and Ajdabiya is the center of the governorate.
Towns and villages: Brega, Al Hiri, Labba, Mawahi, Shawashina, Shurraf, Awjila, Zuwetina, El Agheila, Jalu, Jikharra, Marada, Masliwa, Qabr Umm al Hishah, Qaryat Bishr, Rashida, Sultan.
- Wadi Al-Ajal (وادي الحياة) — It is located in the west of Sabha Governorate, and it has water, oil, and tourism resources due to the presence of Lake Qabroun in it.
- Wadi al-Shati (وادي الشاطئ) — It is located in the southwest of the country, and the city of Brak is its administrative center, and its population is approximately 78,563 people.
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, gypsum.