Germany

Official name: Federal Republic of Germany
Also known as: Bundesrepublik Deutschland (German), Deutschland

Flag of Germany
Capital: Berlin
Total Area: 357,596 km² (138,069 mi²) (63rd)
Approximate population: 84,552,242 (19th) - (2024 est.)
Location: Central Europe
Languages: German, Turkish
Religions: Christianity 48.4%, No religion 46.2%, Islam 4.6%, Buddhism 0.2%, Judaism 0.1%, Hinduism 0.1%, Yazidism 0.1%, other religions 0.3% - (2023 est.)
Currency: Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone: UTC+1 (CETCentral European Time (CET) is a standard time of Central, and parts of Western Europe, which is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The time offset from UTC can be written as UTC+01:00. It is used in most parts of Europe and in several African countries. CET is also known as Middle European Time and by colloquial names such as Amsterdam Time, Berlin Time, Brussels Time, Budapest Time, Madrid Time, Paris Time, Stockholm Time, Rome Time, Prague time, Warsaw Time or Romance Standard Time (RST).), Summer (DSTDaylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight saving(s), daylight savings time, daylight time (United States and Canada), or summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks to make better use of the longer daylight available during summer so that darkness falls at a later clock time. The typical implementation of DST is to set clocks forward by one hour in spring or late winter, and to set clocks back by one hour to standard time in the autumn (or fall in North American English, hence the mnemonic: 'spring forward and fall back').) UTC+2 (CESTCentral European Summer Time, sometimes referred to as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time during the other part of the year. It corresponds to UTC+02:00, which makes it the same as Eastern European Time, Central Africa Time, South African Standard Time, Egypt Standard Time and Kaliningrad Time in Russia.)
Calling code: (+49)
Organizations: United Nations, European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Borders countries (9): Czech Republic 646 km (401 mi), Austria 784 km (487 mi), Denmark 68 km (42 mi), Poland 456 km (283 mi), Switzerland (non-EU) 334 km (208 mi), Belgium 167 km (104 mi), France 451 km (280 mi), Luxembourg 138 km (86 mi), Netherlands 577 km (359 mi).
Coastline: 2,389 km (1,484 mi)
Maritime boundaries: Baltic Sea, North Sea
Sweden (maritime boundary, Baltic Sea), United Kingdom (maritime boundary, North Sea)
Germany Map Outline

Administrative divisions of Germany

Germany is composed of 16 constituent states, called Bundesländer (plural form; Bundesland singularly):
Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen (Hesse), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen (Thuringia).

Further subdivisions

The sixteen constituent states of Germany are divided into a total of 401 administrative Kreis or Landkreis, separated into:
294 "Rural" districts (Landkreise or Kreise)
107 "Urban" districts (Kreisfreie Städte or Stadtkreise – cities that constitute districts in their own right).


Natural resources: coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land.

note: Bayern, Sachsen, and Thueringen refer to themselves as free states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat), while Bremen calls itself a Free Hanseatic City (Freie Hansestadt) and Hamburg considers itself a Free and Hanseatic City (Freie und Hansestadt).

Freistaat Thüringen, Land Schleswig-Holstein, Land Sachsen-Anhalt, Freistaat Sachsen, Saarland, Rheinland-Pfalz, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, Land Niedersachsen, Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Land Hessen, Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Bremen, Land Brandenburg, Land Berlin, Freistaat Bayern, Baden-Württemberg Region.


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